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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. M. MORDEYQ ELECTRIC GENERATOR.

No. 437,501. Patented Sept. 30. 1890.

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4ZQMZ (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. W. M. MORDEY. ELECTRIC GENERATOR.

Patented Sept. 30, 1890.

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4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

W. M. MORDEY.

ELECTRIC GENERATOR.

Patented Sept. 30,1890.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

W. M. MORDEY; ELECTRIC GENERATOR.

No. 437,501. Patented Sept. 30. 1890.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE/c IVILLIAM MORRIS MORDEY, OF LAMBE'IH,ENGLAND.

ELECTRIC GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 437,501, datedSeptember 30, 1890.

Application filed March 25, 1889. Serial No. 804,696. (No model.)Patented in England April '7, 1888,110. 5,162; in France March 18, 1889,110.196,?8'1; in Belgium March 19,1889,N0. 85,446; in Italy March 31,1889, N0. 32 in SwitzerlandJnne 25, 1889, No. 1,126, and inAustria-Hungary August 31, 1889, No. 18,869

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM MORRIS MOR- DEY, a subject of the Queen ofGreat Britain, residing at Iiambeth, in the county of Surrey, England,have invented Improvements in Electric Generators, of which thefollowingis a specification.

Foreign patents have been obtained for this invention as follows: inGreat Britain, No. 5,162, dated April 7, 1888; in France, No. 196,784,dated March 18,1885) in Belgium, No. 85,446, dated March 19, 1889 inItaly, No. 32, dated March 31, 1889; in Austria-Hungary, N0.13,369,dated August 31,1889, and in Switzerland, No. 1,126, dated June 25,1889.

The present invention has for its object a method of constructing analternate-current machine having only a single armature coil or windingin place of a considerable number of such coils or windings. Thus I amenabled to construct alternate-current machines for any speed andrequired rate of alternations in which there is but one simple annulararmature-coil and one simple annular fieldmagnet coil, although Isometimes employ a compound field or fields of ordinary constructions.By these means alternate-current inachines are greatly simplified inconstruction, while at the same time increased efficiency is obtainedand the ditliculties of insulating in such machines are much reduced.

In order that the nature of this invention, which consists in subjectingthe single armature coil or winding to a succession of magneticinductive impulses, either successively in the same direction oralternately in opposite directions, and in providing against prejudicial inductive reactions in the field, may be readily understood,reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which Figures 1 and 2are respectively an end elevation of the armature and avertical sectionin the line of the shaft, illustrating diagrammatically one method ofcarrying my invention into practice. Figs. 3 and 4 are similar views toFigs. 2 and 1, respectively, illustrating diagrammatically another wayof carrying out this invention. Fig. 4: is an end ele vation, and Fig.43 a side elevation, partly in longitudinal section, showingdiagrammatically an arrangement similar to Figs. 3 and 4, but having asmaller number of parts. Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate a modifiedconstruction of electric generator according to this invention. Fig. '7is a vertical section; Fig. 8, an elevation, and Fig. 9 a plan, of aportion of a further modified construction of electric generator. Figs.10 and 11 are respectively an end elevation and a longitudinal sectionillustrating another construction.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the armatureconductor is formed into asimple coil, ring, or annulus or hollow cylinder A, usually of largediameter and relatively of small radial depth or thickness, and ispreferably supported with its axis in a horizontal plane. MassesI 1,formed of laminated iron or iron wire, are placed around its peripheryat intervals and with spaces between them. These masses, which are shownLj-shap'ed, are preferably laminated or subdivided, as shown.Alternately in angular position with regard to these outer iron portionsI I other laminated iron masses K K are placed inside the coil A andclose to its inner periphery. These iron masses K K are LJ-shaped, theouter masses I I being placed so that their ends point toward the axisof the coil, while the inner ones K K have their ends pointing radiallyoutward. It will thus be understood that the single coil or annulus A,which forms the armature-winding, is contained between two concentriccircular rows of masses of iron I I and K K, the several portions ofwhich alternate in angular position with one another in the order I K IK around the outside and inside of the armature-coil. The number ofthese inner and out-er masses of iron is determined by the required rateof alternation and by the required rate of revolution of the moving partof the machine. Thus the number of alternations or complete periods perminute is equal to the number of revolutions per minute multiplied byhalf the number of such iron masses. The disposition of thearmaturewinding A practically does away with any necessity for workingat a high-current density or for limiting the space occupied byinsulating material. The conductors are, in

fact, as easily and securely arranged as if they did not form part of adynamo.

It will be observed that by the use of the masses K K (which I callmagnetic shortcircuitin g pieces) all or nearly all prejudicialinductive effects in the magnet are avoided, the flow of magnetic linesof force in the magnet being maintained practically constant. Thus thelines of force'pass through the magnet and either through the pieces I Ior K K,

. netic circuit should be sensibly constant. By

this arrangement I avoid useless expenditure of energy, which wouldotherwise be manifested by the heating of the poles and core of themagnet and in other ways. This method of providing for the continuity ofthe magnetic circuit may be applied in other ways than those shown inthe figures, which, however, sufficiently describe the principle.

The armature may be used with any suitable form of field magnet ormagnets; but I prefer a simple form of field, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2,and consisting of an iron core 0, mounted upon the shaft S, passingaxially through the center of the armature-coil A,

and having at either end a number of radial arms or projections 41 n ss, which come into close proximity to the ends or sides, or both, as inthe arrangement shown of the iron masses I I and K K of the armature,the number of such projections n n or s 3 extending radially from eachend of the field-core being equal in number to the masses of iron on theoutside or on the inside of the armature-coil A. The field coil orwinding F is within and concentric with the armature-coil A. Thisfield-Winding F may be wound on and rotate with the field-magnet O 'n sand shaft S, but is preferably held stationary on a frame provided forthe support, also, of the armaturecoil and its iron masses, ashereinafter described, and shown in dotted lines in Figs. 3 and 4. Asthe figures are diagrammatic this frame is not shown. Thus the only partof the machine rotated is the shaft S and the iron of the field-magnet,no collectors or rubhing contact of any kind being required.

In Figs. 3 and 4 the outer. iron masses I I of the armature areLl-shaped, as before, in-

closing the armature on three sides, the open ends of these l pieces I Ifacing the fieldpoles at s, there being other laminated pieces of iron KK extending across and between the field-poles n's alternately with thearmature L pieces,

' L L are side frames (shown in dotted lines) by which the iron masses IK and armaturecoil A are carried, and in which the shaft S revolves.These frames are bolted together by bolts M, and carrya number of rodsN, to each of which are attached the ends of a strap 0, that partlyencircles the field-winding F when this winding isto be held stationary.This arrangement, as shown in Figs. 4 and 4: is very suitable for rapidrotations-as, for instance, when the motor is a steam turbine. Therevolving magnet O n 8, carried on the shaft S, consists of a cylinderof iron 0, the end portions of which are'partly cut away or groovedlaterally, leaving the polar surfaces n 11-8 8; or the cutting away orgrooving may extend the whole length of the cylinder. The

laminated |-shaped iron portions I I K K are placed about thearmature-coil A, the portions I I passing without the coil A, theportions K K being within the coil A. This arrangement allows of themagnet O n 3 being readily withdrawn or inserted without interferingwith the armature-coil, field-coil, or iron masses I I K K. The numberof polar surfaces as and ironmasses I K is determined by the requiredrate of rotation and rate of alternations.

The relative positions of the armature and field magnets may be variedin any suitable way. Thus Figs. 5 and 6 show an arrangement in which thefield O, with its poles n n s s and field-winding F, instead of beingwithin and concentric with the armature are outside of and concentricwith the armature.

In this arrangement Figs. 5 and 6 the armature masses I I K K andarmature-coil A are supposed to be attached to and carried by the shaftS; butin this or any of the other arrangements either the armature orthe field may be revolved.

Various other ways of arranging the parts will readily suggestthemselves to those skilled in the art to which this invention relates.Thus the field and armature parts of the machine may be arranged to faceeach other in a horizontal direction, as hereinafter described withreference to Figs. 7, 8, and 9; or the field may be stationary as wellas the armature, the rotating part comprising a number of laminated ironmasses, which, by their movement, vary the magnetic induction exerted bythe field on the armature. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 show one way in which thisarrangement may be carried out. In these figures the supports for thelaminated iron masses are not shown; but it is to be understood thatthese masses are supported in any suitable manner and driven by a shaftS. The field consists of a grooved casting C n 8, containing themagnetism-winding F, and provided with projections n n s s, forming thepoles of the magnet. The armature-winding A is surrounded at intervalson three of its sides by the laminated |-shaped iron masses I I, theopen ends of which project in the direction of the field-magnet. Betweenthe armature and field is the rotating part of the machine, consistingof laminated iron masses K K K K, "of which K K are of such a length asto extend from the poles at to the poles s of the field-magnet, while KK, which are in pairs, are short radially, as shown, and aremagnetically separated by a distance equal to the distance between thepoles n s. The masses K K, preferably, do not extend from thefield-poles n s to the armature iron masses I I, but are separated fromthe latter by a considerable distance, being, however, in closeproximity to the poles n s. The masses K K are of such a size or widththat they almost fill the spaces between I I and a s. This constructionis clearly shown in Figs. '7, S, and 9. The action of this arrangementisas follows: \Vhen the several pairsof pieces K K occupy the spacesbetween the'poles n s and theiron masses I I of the armature, themagneticlines are caused to traverse the pieces I I and thus inclose thecoilA. lVhen the masses K K are midway between the poles n n, the massesK K arein the position facing the said poles and the lines of force thenpass direct through the said masses K K and not through the armaturemasses I I. Thus the armature masses I I are alternately magnetized anddemagnetized, and alternate currents are thereby generated in thearmature-coil A. By the pres ence of the masses K K in this form ofmachine, as well as in the forms illustrated by the preceding figures,the magnetic circuit is practically a continuous and uninterrupted oneand the field of force is maintained constant with a minimum expenditureof energy and without any wasteful and injurious reactions and electricinductions in itself. These magnetic short-circuiting masses may beapplied in other forms of machine for this purpose. The masses K K K Kare mounted in any suitable manner upon ashaft S. These figures (7, 8,and 9) illustrate the arrangement of rotating laminated masses disposedin conjunction with a fixed single-coil armature and single-coilmultipolar field. I may, however, apply the same form of armature with aform of field of alternating polarity, such as that shown in Figs. 10and 11, and hereinafter described.

Although for simplicity and ease of construction I prefer to use afield-magnet of the forms or on the principle of those above described,I may employ other suitable forms, such as those which give alternatenorth and south poles in successive order at each end or side of themachine.

Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate a construction in which such a field isapplied to an armature arranged as described with reference to Figs. 1to 4. In this case the field-poles are alternately N and S, and themagnetic induction about the armature-coil A is reversed in directioninstead of being only varied in intensity.

The field-magnets may be constructed in various ways. Thus, instead ofthe double star-wheel shown in Figs. 10 and 11, a number of magnet-barsmaybe arranged parallel with the shaft in a circle, as shown in dottedlines in Fig. 1l,each bar or each alternate bar having a magnetizingwinding and each provided with polar extensions occupying positionssimilar to the poles n n s .9. (Shown in full lines in Figs.10 and 11.)This arrangement may be modified in several ways without departing fromthe principle involvedas,forinstance, by having the armature placedinside and rotating as in Figs. 5 and 6, the field being made toencircle it with the poles projecting radiallyinward or thepoles maybeat the sides or ends of the armature, and either the magnet or thearmature rotating. There are many ways other than those hereinbeforedescribed and shown in the drawin s annexed by which the principle of myimproved armature may be applied.

The foregoing description is intended only to explain the principle ofthis invention and the manner of applying the same in the constructionof electric generators.

The field may be excited from an external source, or it may be wholly orpartly excited by a comm utcd current obtained from the armature.

lVhat I claim is .1. In a dynamo, an armature comprising a single coilor winding provided at opposite sides with a series of separate orindependent iron masses, the masses at one side being arranged to act asmagnetic inductors and placed alternately with those at the oppositeside, which serve as magnetic short-circuiting masses.

2. In an alternate-current dynamo, an armature consisting of a singlearmature coil or winding, a number of iron masses separate from eachother and arranged in alternating angular positions at opposite sides ofthe armature coil or winding, and a field-magnet the poles of which aremoved relatively to said masses, the arrangement being such that saidarmature is subjected to a succession of magnetic inductive impulses,and the flow of magnetic lines of forces in the magnet are maintainedpracticallyconstant, substantially as herein described.

3. In an alternate-current dynamo, an armature comprising a single coilor winding with iron masses at opposite sides thereof, those at one sidebeing separate from and alternating in angular position with those atthe opposite side, in combination with a fieldmagnet having polarextensions in proximity to the ends of said iron masses, for the purposespecified.

4. In an alternatecurrent dynamo, the combination of an armaturecomprising a single coil or winding, iron masses separate from eachother and arranged alternately at opposite sides of said armature, and afield-magnet having polar extensions that are rotated relatively to saidiron masses, the ends of said masses being arranged to be broughtopposite said polar extensions in successive order and to maintaincomplete the magnetic circuit of said field-magnet closed, substantiallyas herein described.

5. In an alternate-current dynamo, the combination of an armatureconsisting of a single coil or winding, and a field-magnet, the magneticcircuit of which is completed in consecutive order through iron massesthat are separate from each other and are arranged in al at the oppositeside, in combination with a field-magnet having a single exciting-coil,and polar extensions that are brought successively into proximity to theend of said masses,substantially as herein described. 8. In analternate-current dynamo, an armature comprising a single coil orwinding;

having a series of iron masses partly inclosing the same and a secondseries of iron masses arranged to act as short-circuiting bars separatefrom and alternating in angular position with those of the first series,in combination with a field-magnet having a single exciting coil orwinding, and polar extensions that are moved relatively to said ironmasses and the number of which of the same sign are equal to the massesin either series, substantially as herein described.

9. In an alternate-current dynamo, the combination of an armaturecomprising a single coil or winding provided at its inner and outersides with iron masses, those upon the inner side being separate fromand alternating in angular position with those at the outer side, andafield-magnet having a single excitingcoil and polar extensions that arebrought into proximity with said iron masses in consecutive order, saidarmature and field-magnet coils being arranged concentric'ally,substantially as herein described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM MORRIS M'ORDEY.

Witnesses:

F. J. BROUGHAM, W. CRoss, Both of 46 Lincolns Inn Fields, London.

